彩钢板屋顶光伏发电的影响及阵列设计

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2013年6月14日，国务院总理主持召开国务院常务会议，部署了十项大气污染防治措施，出台了六项国家级光伏企业救助措施，特别是针对光伏企业，提出了“做强做强”的理念。2013年6月16日，在北京召开的分布式光伏发电示范区工作会议上，国家能源局办公室发布了《分布式光伏发电示范区工作方案》。

彩钢板
2。发展分布式光伏屋顶发电示范区的意义
分布式光伏屋顶示范区采用彩钢板屋顶，通过安装太阳能电池板产生太阳能光伏发电，均为自用。太阳能发电有利于加快能源结构调整步伐，增加清洁能源供应，弥补保定市一次能源短缺。
示范区项目利用太阳能发电。每万千瓦时电力可替代约4吨标准煤，减少火力发电污染物排放。25年来，该示范区分布式光伏发电项目累计节约煤炭59.86万吨、二氧化碳155.64万吨、二氧化硫1.3万吨、氮化物5900吨。
示范区建设涉及工商企业、学校、超市等公共场所和居民用户。它的覆盖面广，受众多。调动各方参与分布式光伏电站建设的积极性，有利于向社会普及“节约型、绿色消费模式和生活习惯”，动员全民参与环境保护和监督。
三。彩钢屋顶光伏发电的影响因素
彩钢屋顶光伏发电设计应考虑以下因素：
（1）气象条件影响分析
分布式光伏发电示范工程选用的逆变器工作温度范围为-25℃-60℃，选用的太阳能电池组件工作温度范围为-40℃-85℃。在正常情况下，太阳能电池板的工作温度比环境温度高30℃左右。
一般来说，需要根据示范工程所在区域的最低和最高温度数据进行检查，太阳能电池模块和逆变器的工作温度可以控制在允许的范围内。
（2）风速影响分析
当太阳能电池组件周围的空气处于流动状态时，可以增强组件的强制对流和散热，降低太阳能电池组件面板的工作温度，从而在一定程度上提高发电量。然而，由于太阳能电池组件迎风面积大，当风速过大时，支架的设计必须考虑风荷载的影响。其基本原理是：在21M/s的风速下，太阳能电池模块支撑和基础的风阻不受破坏。
（3）雷雨影响
根据太阳能电池组件布局的面积和运行要求，合理设计了防雷接地系统。
（4）降雪影响
在下雪天气，太阳辐射也会相应减少，这将直接影响太阳能组件的工作。降雪后，由于积雪，太阳能组件接受的太阳辐射也将减少，这对光伏系统的发电有一定的影响。需要考虑电池组件的除雪措施。
四。太阳能电池组件支撑方案的设计原则
太阳能电池组件支架安装在钢结构彩钢屋面上。太阳能电池组件支架被认为是风荷载和雪荷载最不利的组合。支架各部分按构件计算选择。支架设计安全可靠，经济合理。

轻钢结构厂房的屋面，为充分利用屋面面积，增加光伏装机容量，光伏组件通过扣件与屋面压型钢板连接。250wp多晶硅普通电池组件、铝合金龙骨等附件重量为17.0kg/m2，组件方阵安装方式为间隔安装，可减少部分平均负载

On June 14, 2013, the premier of the State Council presided over the executive meeting of the State Council, at which ten air pollution prevention and control measures were deployed, six national measures were issued to rescue photovoltaic enterprises, and the concept of "better and stronger" was put forward especially for photovoltaic enterprises. On June 16, 2013, in the work meeting on distributed photovoltaic power generation demonstration area held in Beijing, the office of the National Energy Administration issued the work plan for distributed photovoltaic power generation demonstration area.
Color steel plate
2. Significance of developing distributed photovoltaic roof demonstration area for power generation
The distributed photovoltaic roof demonstration area uses the color steel plate roof to generate solar photovoltaic power through the installation of solar panels, all of which are self used. Solar power generation is conducive to accelerating the pace of energy structure adjustment, increasing the supply of clean energy, and making up for the shortage of primary energy in Baoding.
In th demonstration area project, solar energy is used to generate electricity. Every 10000 kilowatt hours of electricity can replace about 4 tons of standard coal and reduce the emission of pollutants generated by thermal power generation. In 25 years, the distributed photovoltaic power generation project in this demonstration area has saved 598600 tons of coal, 1556400 tons of CO2, 13000 tons of SO2 and 5900 tons of nitrides.
The construction of the demonstration area involves public places such as industrial and commercial enterprises, schools and supermarkets, and residential users. It has a wide coverage and a large audience. Mobilizing the enthusiasm of all parties to participate in the construction of distributed photovoltaic power stations is conducive to popularizing "saving, green consumption patterns and living habits" to the public and mobilizing the whole people to participate in environmental protection and supervision.
3. Influencing factors on photovoltaic power generation of color steel roof
The following factors need to be considered in the photovoltaic power generation design of color steel sheet roof:
(1) impact analysis of meteorological conditions
The working temperature range of inverter selected for distributed photovoltaic power generation demonstration project is - 25 ℃ - 60 ℃, and the working range of solar cell module selected is - 40 ℃ - 85 ℃. Under normal conditions, the working temperature of the solar cell panel is about 30 ℃ higher than the ambient temperature.
Generally, it needs to be checked according to the data of minimum and maximum temperature in the area where the demonstration project is located, and the operating temperature of solar cell module and inverter can be controlled within the allowable range.
(2) wind speed impact analysis
When the air around the solar cell module is in the flowing state, it can enhance the forced convection and heat dissipation of the module, reduce the working temperature of the solar cell module panel, so as to improve the power generation to a certain extent. However, due to the large windward area of solar cell module, when the wind speed is too high, the influence of wind load must be considered in the design of bracket. The basic principle is that the wind resistance of solar cell module support and foundation is not damaged under the wind speed of 21m / s.
(3) impact of thunderstorm
According to the area and operation requirements of solar cell module layout, the lightning protection and grounding system is designed reasonably.
(4) impact of snowfall
In snowy weather, the solar radiation will also be correspondingly reduced, which will directly affect the work of solar modules. After snowing, the solar radiation accepted by solar modules will also be reduced due to the snow cover, which has a certain impact on the power generation of photovoltaic system. Measures for snow removal of battery components need to be considered.
4. Design principle of solar cell module support scheme
The solar cell module bracket is installed on the color steel roof of steel structure. The solar cell module support is considered as the most unfavorable combination of wind load and snow load. Each part of the support is calculated and selected according to the components. The design of the support is safe, reliable, economic and reasonable.
For the roof of light steel structure workshop, in order to make full use of the roof area and increase the installed capacity of photovoltaic, photovoltaic modules are connected with roof profiled steel plate through fasteners. The weight of accessories such as 250wp polycrystalline silicon common battery module and aluminum alloy keel is 17.0kg/m2, and the installation mode of module square array is interval installation, which can reduce part of the average load, so it meets the requirements of photovoltaic module laying. See the following figure for the structure: